Forests in Canada

Our operations in Canada cover millions of acres of temperate and boreal forests in three provinces: Alberta, Ontario and Saskatchewan. Canadian forested lands are considered public lands and are held by the provincial governments. They are managed on behalf of the provinces’ people. The provincial governments grant many entities, including Weyerhaeuser, the rights to operate in these forests. Operating entities can include companies in resource sectors such as energy, mining and forestry, as well as tourist operators, trappers and others who use the forest for commercial enterprises.

Forest conditions are highly variable across our Canadian operations, reflecting a broad range of forest cover types found in Alberta, Ontario and Saskatchewan. Our operating areas range from cool, dry regions dominated by lodgepole pine, white spruce, black spruce and balsam fir, to lower-elevation forests featuring tamarack, trembling aspen, balsam poplar, white birch, jack pine, red and white pine, and poplar. This diversity in forest cover allows us to supply a variety of customers with the fiber needed to meet different product requirements.

FOREST MANAGEMENT 

Forest products companies operating in Canada sign long-term license agreements with the provincial governments. These agreements give the company the timber rights and management responsibility for a defined area to support one or more wood products manufacturing facilities. Generally, the licenses are granted for 20 to 25 years and can be renewed every 5 to 10 years.

Canadian provincial governments are ultimately responsible for land-use decisions and the overall management of the forest and associated landscapes, but industry and government work together to develop long-term sustainable forest management plans. These plans are based on a forest policy and regulatory framework that ensures long-term forest sustainability, adherence to public policy and government regulations, Indigenous engagement and compliance with adaptive-management principles. The plans are also developed with input from other stakeholders, including Indigenous and local communities, tourist outfitters, anglers and hunters, as well as other industries, such as oil, gas and mining. We directly manage long-term licenses across our operating areas and through a First Nations partnership in Ontario.

Our forest management approach in Canada is based on four key principles:

1. We believe in practicing ecologically based forest management that maintains forest ecosystems within the range of natural variability.
2. We respect the social and cultural considerations that accompany the responsibility to manage public forests.
3. We believe in continuously improving our management practices and systems to ensure the long-term economic value of the forest and the viability of our wood products facilities.
4. We believe in developing long-term strategies, together with other users of the land base, that respect and support the ecological integrity of the forest and its resources.

ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP

Managing for multiple values, such as wildlife habitat and watersheds, is a critical part of every forest management plan we develop. In regions where we operate, specific forest management protocols and strategies have been developed for regionally important species, such as the woodland caribou, grizzly bears, barred owls, and trumpeter swans. Our Operating Ground rules also speak to other non-timber values such as raptor nests, wetlands and riparian areas.

A significant portion of the forests we manage consists of wetlands, rock outcroppings and other areas that do not grow commercial crops of trees but are valuable for biodiversity. In Ontario, for example, the forests we manage have large populations of nesting bald eagles, as well as the region’s largest colony of white pelicans. These species are generally found in areas that we do not actively harvest.

Across much of Canada, we take a highly proactive approach to managing the common risks that affect forests, including insect infestations, disease and wildfires. When outbreaks such as the mountain pine beetle occur in western Canada, we act with urgency and integrity — consistent with our core values — to adapt our harvest plans and prioritize the areas most at risk. This proactive strategy helps us protect our fiber supply, supports the health of forest ecosystems and reduces potential wildfire threats to local communities. By harvesting merchantable timber before it is lost, slowing the spread of infestations and removing dead or dying trees, we demonstrate our commitment to responsible stewardship and collaborative management of Canada’s forests.

Forest fires are a risk across Canada because of the country’s vast, fire-prone landscapes, increasing climate-driven heat and drought conditions, and the growing frequency and intensity of extreme wildfire events. Proactive forest management helps to reduce wildfire risk by lowering the amount and continuity of flammable fuels across the landscape. Harvesting forests can help to reduce fuel loads and break up fire pathways, making it harder for fires to start and spread. In addition, maintaining species diversity and healthier forest structures can improve resilience to pests, drought, and extreme weather—factors that often contribute to fire risk—ultimately supporting safer and more sustainable forest ecosystems.

We are also active members of provincial and national forestry associations, such as the Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC). These associations work with different organizations, including conservation groups, to ensure the forest sector is continually engaged in nationally and globally recognized sustainable forestry activities, and that we are meeting their obligations to maintain and enhance the publicly owned forests we manage.

Indigenous Communities

Indigenous peoples are an integral part of the communities and environment where we operate. Their needs and perspectives are relevant to many of our management and business decisions, including the responsible use of public land and resources. We work with communities to identify and help to protect historically and culturally significant sites and values across their traditional lands and territories. We work closely with local Indigenous communities to foster open communication and collaboration, and to promote, increase and support their participation in the forest sector.

Our commitment

As responsible stewards of Canadian forests, we are working proactively to build long-term, successful and mutually beneficial relationships with Indigenous peoples whose traditional lands and territories overlap our operational areas.

Framework for building relationships

Federal and provincial governments have a duty to consult with and, where appropriate, accommodate Indigenous peoples on any decision that may adversely affect their claimed or existing Indigenous or treaty rights.

As part of long-term forest management planning and activities, we follow a framework that is intended to support federal and provincial governments in fulfilling their obligation to respect Indigenous rights, while continuing to acknowledge the importance of Indigenous community participation in the development and use of natural resources.

Rationale

The rationale for this framework ties back to our company’s core values and vision:

• Integrity: Integrity and honesty will form the basis for our relationships with local Indigenous communities.
• Deliver Value: We will pursue contract opportunities with Indigenous businesses that promote productive partnerships and collaborative initiatives with local Indigenous communities.
• Inclusion/Citizenship: We will make employment and other opportunities known and available to Indigenous peoples in areas where we operate.
• People: We will recognize and use the skills and knowledge of Indigenous workers.

Key goals and objectives

• Direct Employment: Create a workforce that broadly reflects the demographics and diversity of the local communities where we operate by developing the requisite job skills.
• Indirect Employment: Purchase competitive goods and services from businesses that reflect the demographics and diversity of our local communities, including Indigenous peoples.
• Business Relationships: Continue to enhance our economic relationships with Indigenous communities through mutually beneficial business arrangements.
• Education and Training: Reinforce the value of education within local communities through the support of Indigenous students and programs, and ensure appropriate training for staff and contractors to address historical and cultural perspectives on Indigenous issues.
• Community Involvement: Foster and promote mutual awareness, trust and understanding between Weyerhaeuser and local Indigenous communities through regular, informal interaction with Indigenous community leaders as well as sponsorship and participation in local Indigenous cultural events.

Respectful engagement

We expect our sites to engage with Indigenous Peoples in whose traditional territories our forest management activities take place and to provide meaningful opportunities to review those activities. Important sites and traditional knowledge must be safeguarded. Our teams must understand and respect Indigenous rights under federal and provincial law, treaties and other formal agreements. Staff and contractors must be trained on historical and cultural perspectives, Indigenous rights and the protection of Indigenous values. Finally, our employees must communicate respectfully with Indigenous communities, including responding to their inquiries and concerns.

Permanent staff receive training to support informed and respectful engagement with Indigenous communities. All staff are given the opportunity to further develop this understanding through participation in local cultural events, enabling direct interaction with community members and elders. Interns learn about local history, the consultation process and culturally significant sites, while contractors receive training on recognizing culturally significant sites they may encounter in the field. Members of our team who engage directly with Indigenous communities also receive coaching and mentoring from the Indigenous Relations team to ensure alignment of values and approach. This comprehensive program ensures that all engagement is conducted with respect, awareness, and cultural sensitivity.

Indigenous community partnerships

As a member of the Forest Products Association of Canada, we support work to strengthen Indigenous participation in Canada's forest sector through federally supported economic-development initiatives and business investments, strong environmental stewardship and the creation of skill-development opportunities targeted to Indigenous youth.

Some examples of how we are directly partnering with Indigenous communities are:

• Around Grande Prairie, Alberta, we are working with the Aseniwuche Winewak Nation, a local Indigenous community, to identify, validate and catalogue important cultural sites and traditional knowledge. We are providing financial and in-kind support for this multiyear, multivalued project.
• We are a long-standing funding partner in a national, multiyear program that provides training for Indigenous youth. The Outland Youth Employment Program (OYEP) provides work experience and training for Indigenous youth from across Canada and prepares them for employment in the forest sector. We currently support OYEP programs in Ontario and Alberta and we are actively promoting the establishment of a similar program in Saskatchewan. We partnered with OYEP on several forestry field days and tours of our operations in both Alberta and Ontario.
• A notable example is the agreement to co-manage the Kenora Forest through a shareholder-managed Sustainable Forest License in partnership with several local First Nations. This agreement led to the creation of Miitigoog LP, a limited partnership responsible for all forest management activities on the Kenora license.
• Other examples of relationship-building activities include road infrastructure projects that improve access to traditional lands for future development or the practice of traditional rights (Kenora, Ontario); support for Shoal Lake First Nation in a feasibility study of bio-feedstock opportunities (Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan); support for education and training programs for Horse Lake First Nation youth (Grande Prairie, Alberta); and support for a research chair in Indigenous forestry at the University of Alberta. Across all regions, we also provide financial and in-kind support for a variety of community initiatives, such as powwows, round dances, career fairs and cultural camps.

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RESEARCH AND PARTNERSHIPS 

To sustainably manage our forests, we are committed to continuously learning how our activities affect both the forest ecosystem and surrounding communities so we can improve our practices using adaptive management. We frequently partner with external organizations, including universities and science-based entities, to ensure our practices are consistent with the best available science.

One example is our support for caribou research. For more than 25 years, we have worked with government ministries and other stakeholders to participate in and support research associated with caribou recovery in Canada. In Alberta, we have invested more than $5 million in caribou habitat research conducted by organizations such as the University of Alberta and the Alberta Regional Caribou Knowledge Partnership (ARCKP). The ARCKP is focused on closing knowledge gaps on caribou, initiating on-the-ground best practices and supporting knowledge exchange, and it’s a good example of how partnerships between the forest industry and the province can benefit at risk species and ecosystems.

Another example of how we support long-term research is a grizzly bear habitat identification project in the western and southern portions of our operating areas in Alberta coordinated by FRI Research. This multistakeholder, multiyear research project aims to determine long-term strategies for grizzly bear conservation by mapping habitat in the forests we manage. We also have a long-term, research-focused relationship with Ducks Unlimited Canada, which has generated guiding principles for wetland stewardship on our operating areas and best practices for forest wetland crossings.

Additionally, we have undertaken a number of initiatives to obtain baseline information on the fish and wildlife resources within our operating areas. Research and inventory initiatives include long-term survey programs of nocturnal raptors, songbirds, fish and furbearers. These inventories are aimed at providing benchmark data on species occurrence and distribution throughout our timberlands, as well as trends over time.